Goa Mining News

Oil reserves in salt caverns: The potential in IndiaPremium Story
The Indian Express | 2 days ago | |
The Indian Express
2 days ago | |

Government-owned engineering consultancy firm Engineers India (EIL) is studying the prospects and feasibility of developing salt cavern-based strategic oil reserves in Rajasthan, in line with the government’s objective of increasing the country’s strategic oil storage capacity.If the idea comes to fruition, India could get its first salt cavern-based oil storage facility. The country’s three existing strategic oil storage facilities — at Mangaluru and Padur in Karnataka, and Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh — are made up of excavated rock caverns.Countries build strategic crude oil reserves to mitigate major supply disruptions in the global supply chain. India, the world’s third-largest consumer of crude, depends on imports for more than 85% of its requirement — and strategic petroleum reserves (SPR) could help ensure energy security and availability during global supply shocks and other emergencies.India currently has an SPR capacity of 5.33 million tonnes, or around 39 million barrels of crude, that can meet around 9.5 days of demand. The country is in the process of expanding its SPR capacity by a cumulative 6.5 million tonnes at two locations — Chandikhol in Odisha (4 million tonnes) and Padur (2.5 million tonnes).India’s strategic oil reserves come under the Petroleum Ministry’s special purpose vehicle Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserve (ISPRL). EIL was instrumental in setting up the country’s existing SPR as the project management consultant.Salt cavern-based storage, which is considered cheaper and less labour- and cost-intensive than rock caverns, could add a new, much needed chapter to India’s SPR story.Unlike underground rock caverns, which are developed through excavation, salt caverns are developed by the process of solution mining, which involves pumping water into geological formations with large salt deposits to dissolve the salt. After the brine (water with dissolved salt) is pumped out of the formation, the space can be used to store crude oil. The process is simpler, faster, and less cost-intensive than developing excavated rock caverns.Salt cavern-based oil storage facilities are also naturally well-sealed, and engineered for rapid injection and extraction of oil. This makes them a more attractive option than storing oil in other geological formations, according to a report by the Environmental Solutions Initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).The salt that lines the inside of these caverns has extremely low oil absorbency, which creates a natural impermeable barrier against liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, making the caverns apt for storage. Also, unlike rock caverns, salt cavern-based storages can be created and operated almost entirely from the surface.The entire SPR programme of the United States has so far been based on salt cavern-based storage facilities. The US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, the world’s largest emergency oil storage, consists of four sites with deep underground storage caverns created in salt domes along the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas and Louisiana. The US strategic oil reserves have a cumulative capacity of around 727 million barrels.Salt caverns are also used to store liquid fuels and natural gas in various parts of the world. They are also considered suitable for storing compressed air and hydrogen.Rajasthan, which has the bulk of requisite salt formations in India, is seen as the most conducive for developing salt cavern-based strategic storage facilities. Plans over the past decade to build a strategic oil reserve in Bikaner did not take off — and EIL’s Chairman and Managing Director Vartika Shukla said the exploration of the possibility of salt cavern-based strategic storage in Rajasthan can be seen as a renewal of that proposal.A refinery is coming up in Barmer, and Rajasthan has crude pipelines as well; such infrastructure is conducive for building strategic oil reserves. However, no Indian company, including EIL, had the requisite technical know-how to build salt cavern-based strategic hydrocarbon storage. This gap in access to technology has been bridged by EIL’s recent partnership with Germany’s DEEP.KBB GmbH — a company that specialises in cavern storage and solution mining technology — Shukla said.However, it is still too early to identify a specific site or make an estimate of the project cost, she said.“Once the technology or knowledge is there, only then can we have estimates as to what kind of costs will be involved, and there are so many other factors as well. There will be many steps to project approval… But it is important that India gets that technology, EIL gets that technology to…get an estimate and see how feasible it is,” Shukla said.India’s strategic oil reserves are part of the effort to build sufficient emergency stockpiles on the lines of the reserves that the US and its Western allies set up after the first oil crisis of the 1970s. The three existing rock cavern-based facilities were built during the first phase of the programme.Crude oil from the reserves are to be released by an empowered committee set up by the government, in the event of supply disruptions due to a natural calamity or an unforeseen global event leading to an abnormal increase in prices.The International Energy Agency (IEA), a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organisation in which India is an ‘Association’ country, recommends that all countries should hold an emergency oil stockpile sufficient to provide 90 days of import protection.In India, apart from the SPR that are sufficient to meet 9.5 days of oil requirement, the oil marketing companies (OMCs) have storage facilities for crude oil and petroleum products for 64.5 days — which means there is sufficient storage to meet around 74 days of the country’s petroleum demand.India has also decided to commercialise its strategic petroleum reserves, as part of which the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) stored about 0.8 million tonnes of crude oil in the Mangaluru strategic reserve. In the second phase of the programme, the government wants to develop strategic reserves through public-private partnerships so as to reduce government spending and exploit the commercial potential of the reserves.Taking advantage of low crude oil prices in April-May 2020, the government completely filled these reserves, leading to estimated savings of around Rs 5,000 crore. In late 2021, India released 5 million barrels from its strategic reserves as part of a coordinated US-led action by major oil consuming countries against the joint decision of major oil producing nations to curb output.

Oil reserves in salt caverns: The potential in IndiaPremium Story
In Ballari, exiled Janardhan Reddy takes centrestage as his 'football' party queers pitch for BJP, Congress
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

With the campaigning for the May 10 Karnataka Assembly polls now entering its final phase, vehicles displaying the image of a football could be frequently spotted criss-crossing the dusty mining town of Ballari.Football is the election symbol of a new party, Kalyana Rajya Pragathi Paksha (KRPP), floated by the former BJP minister and mining baron Gali Janardhan Reddy, 56, who has been a prime accused in a slew of cases of illegal mining and corruption being probed by the CBI, which are linked to the B S Yediyurappa-led BJP government in the state during 2008-2013.The KRPP was launched by Janardhan on December 25 last year after being released from prison on bail and exiled from Ballari by the Supreme Court. He has fielded his wife Gali Aruna Lakshmi as the KRPP’s candidate in the Ballari City seat against his own brother and the ruling BJP’s sitting MLA, G Somashekhar Reddy.In light of the KRPP’s high-voltage campaign for Aruna Lakshmi’s bid, the talk in political circles in Ballari is that the electoral battle in the town would be fought mainly between her and and the Congress party’s debutant candidate, Nara Bharath Reddy, the son of Suryanarayan Reddy, a prominent regional Congress leader who was earlier with the JD(S).There is also the buzz that various political players ranging from Janardhan’s BJP friends to disgruntled Congress veterans are “backing” the KRPP. Thus despite having a favourable wind due to the perceived anti-incumbency factor against the BJP dispensation, the Congress, which has a traditional vote base in the constituency, is bracing for a close fight.Since the iron ore mining boom in 2004, all the polls in the impoverished Ballari region have largely been decided by the money power of its mining barons, the Reddy brothers, rather than local issues. Even the spending for the gram panchayat electioneering would run into crores, say locals.Since 2004, the Janardhan group has dominated politics in the belt through relatives and associates and has lost it only briefly in a 2013 poll to the Congress, when over Rs 2,500 crore illegal mining racket was exposed by the Karnataka Lokayukta leading to the CBI cases.“The KRPP candidate has a good chance of winning. Even Sreeramulu (Janardhan’s close associate and a BJP minister) may support the KRPP only. There is a negativity towards Somashekhar Reddy (BJP candidate) over the last two years,” says a BJP worker at Sreeramulu’s palatial house, Aruna Gardens, in Ballari. Sreeramulu is the leader of the Scheduled Tribe Valmiki Nayak community, which has a large presence in the region.“Many of the Congress leaders are also backing the KRPP candidate. Leaders say they remain in Congress but their supporters have crossed over. It is all understanding politics. It is the Congress that always defeats the Congress,” says Tappal Ganesh, a mining businessman and Congress leader, who had contested the seat as a JD(U) candidate a few years ago.Former Congress MLA Diwakar Babu has indicated that many of his supporters have joined hands with the KRPP. Other Congress veterans like K C Kondaiah and Allum Veerabhadrappa have been conspicuous by their absence from the campaign trail, local party leaders say.Janardhan floated the KRPP as a means to stay politically relevant after the BJP rejected his bid for an open return to the party given the pendency of criminal cases against him.“Political compulsions have forced Janardhan Reddy to launch a party and field candidates. He needs to prove himself to obtain some kind of shelter from the cases he is facing. A look at his poll affidavit will reveal the number of cases against him (20 cases). Being in politics is the only way to gain some kind of immunity in these cases,” says Ganesh. “His brother Somashekhar is not contesting the polls in a serious manner against his sister-in-law. The BJP in Ballari is more or less associated with the football party. This is so strange that a national party is being neglected for the football party.”Both Sreeramulu and Somashekhar rejected Janardhan’s offers to leave the BJP and join the KRPP.Sreeramulu’s social media handle however “inadvertently” put out messages in January, inviting people to an event organised by the fledgling party, which the former later dismissed as a hacking incident.In 2013, when the state BJP witnessed a split on account of corruption charges against Yediyurappa and Janardhan Reddy, the party’s Ballari unit led by Sreeramulu floated a breakaway outfit called the Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress or BSR Congress, which bagged three Assembly seats including Ballari Rural, which was won by Sreeramulu.A wave against the BJP had then swept the region over the Reddy brothers and their associates’s alleged bids to turn the iron ore mining district into a fiefdom dubbed the “Republic of Bellary” through organised illegal mining and export activities.The BSR Congress merged with the BJP in 2014, following which Sreeramulu was elected to the Lok Sabha as a BJP nominee. The move to roll out the KRPP is also being seen as a move to “offset” the anti-incumbency trend against the BJP and to keep the Reddy family in control of the town.Some local observers say the Congress has a slight edge unless the BJP candidate, who recently described his sister-in-law as a mere “housewife”, throws his weight behind the KRPP entirely ahead of the polling day.“The verdict is unpredictable. The Congress has its permanent votes in the form of vote banks. Muslims will consolidate for Congress in Ballari, the Christians also, almost all the SC/STs back the Congress too. The KRPP’s vote count will start from 1,2,3… but Congress will start at about 40,000 and BJP at 25,000. It may be tough for KRPP,” says Ganesh.In the Congress camp, however, several local leaders have not been welcoming to Bharath’s candidature. “The father-son duo (Suryanarayan-Bharath) are under the impression that they can swing the vote with money power and on the basis of the favourable wind towards the Congress. They have not enlisted the cooperation of local leaders of long standing,” a senior Congress leader said.“It is very difficult for senior leaders to work with a young candidate who does not respect them. This is why seniors are not working on their own accord for the Congress,” said a party leader.Another local Congress leader however described Bharath as a “young charming leader” who stands a fighting chance of winning.The JD(S) has fielded a mining businessman Anil Lad who won the seat in 2013 on a Congress ticket. Lad was also a Congress candidate in 2008 and 2018 as well, with his candidature likely to cause some divisions in the Congress support base to the KRPP’s advantage.On his part, Janardhan is contesting from the Gangavathi seat in neighbouring Koppal district as he is barred from entering the Ballari region due to the criminal cases pending against him. He recently praised Yediyurappa as being an “unparalleled leader”, claiming “I was the one who made him the CM (in 2008)”.While Aruna Lakshmi has not directly attacked her brother-in-law in her campaign, she has said at a public meeting that Somashekhar was elected as a BJP MLA on the basis of Ballari’s development done by her husband during 2008-2013, when the latter was a BJP minister, even as she is promising more development.Ballari Rural constituencyIn the Ballari Rural seat, the BJP’s Sreeramulu, who is locked in a direct fight with the sitting Congress MLA B Nagendra. is facing an uphill task on account of his absence from the constituency for nearly a decade since hiswin in 2013 as a candidate of his BSR Congress. “It is an uphill task in Ballari Rural for Sreeramulu. The Congress MLA is holding strong. Nagendra may be ahead at present,” says a local BJP worker.“The Congress candidate has worked hard in the constituency to develop goodwill among all communities. He is seen as a pleasant and willing worker for the people. He himself belongs to the Valmiki Nayak community (like Sreeramulu) which makes up nearly 15 per cent of voters. There are a large number of Kurubas (20 per cent) and Muslims (25 per cent) who will vote for Congress. Sreeramulu is finding the going tough in the seat since he has been absent for nearly 10 years,” says a TV journalist who has worked in the area.Sreeramulu has been trying to woo Muslims but it has not worked due to the stand taken by the minority community against the Basavaraj Bommai-led BJP government’s policies including the scrapping of 4 per cent OBC reservation for them, the journalist added. Winners of past electionsBallari City2008 – G Somashekhar Reddy – BJP2013 – Anil Lad – Congress2018 – G Somashekhar Reddy – BJPBallari Rural (ST-reserved)2008 – B Sreeramulu – BJP2013 – B Sreeramulu – BSR Congress2014 – N Y Gopalakrishna – Congress2018 – B Nagendra – Congress

In Ballari, exiled Janardhan Reddy takes centrestage as his 'football' party queers pitch for BJP, Congress
India’s 1st undersea twin tunnels to open in NovemberPremium Story
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

More than two years after 35 men and a giant Chinese Tunnel Boring Machine began cutting though complex geological strata, India’s first undersea twin tunnels in south Mumbai are close to completion.Set to open in November, the tunnels start near Girgaon (ahead of Marine Drive), extend north under the Arabian Sea, Girgaon Chowpatty and Malabar Hill, and end at Breach Candy’s Priyadarshini Park. The 2.07-km tunnels are a part of the Rs 12,721-crore Mumbai Coastal Road Project (MCRP) being built by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).The 10.58-km MCRP links Marine Drive to the Bandra-Worli Sea Link and is just one part of the Coastal Road project. The high-speed coastal road aims to cut down the 45-minute commute from Girgaon to Worli during peak hours to just 10 minutes.The tunnels, which have a diameter of 12.19 metres, run 17-20 m below sea level. A nearly 1-km stretch lies under the sea. The tunnels hit peak depth at Malabar Hill at 72 m. Resembling the shape of the Queen’s Necklace — the famous C-shaped Marine Drive promenade — the tunnel entry and exit points will have fiberglass facades.There will be six cross passages inside the tunnel — four for pedestrians and two for motorists. Each tunnel has three lanes of 3.2 m each. Namkak Cho, a senior tunnel engineer with South Korea-based Yooshin Engineering Company, a project management consultant (PMC), said two lanes in each tunnel will be operational, while the third will be used in an emergency or if the vehicular density increases.Another highlight of the project is the use of the largest ever tunnel boring machine (TBM) in the history of India. Named Mavala in honour of Shivaji’s warfare experts from the Koli and Kunbi community, the TBM weighs more than 1,700 tonnes and is nearly 12 m tall. While the boring work started in January 2021, work on assembling and launching the TBM began a year ago. Manufactured by the China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Company Ltd (CRCHI), Mavala is divided into three different sections.Mantayya Swami, MCRP chief engineer, said, “The TBM’s first section is the cutterhead with high-powered spokes. The second is a seal which acts as a chamber that collects falling sediments and rocks. The third is a control room located inside Mavala. The entire operation is controlled from there.”Mavala arrived at Mumbai’s Jawaharlal Nehru Port from Shanghai in April 2020. Seventeen trucks were deployed to transfer the dismantled TBM to Priyadarshini Park. Civic officials said it took nearly three months to assemble it. The TBM was then shifted to the launch site, located a few metres away, from where it was lowered underground to dig through the basalt, breccia and shale. In December 2020, the TBM was lowered 20 m below the ground level.Stating that Mavala would mine around 7-8 m per day, Cho said, “In conventional tunnel digging, one can mine a maximum of 5 m daily. However, Mavala was able to dig up to 8 m per day. We would hit 20 m on some days, all thanks to the area’s geology.”After year-long mining operations, Mavala made its first breakthrough from the Girgaon end in January 2022. “Earlier, we had planned to dismantle the TBM after the breakthrough, bring it out, reassemble it and restart mining for the north-bound tunnel from Priyadarshini Park. This process would have taken six months. We decided to rotate it using a turntable instead,” Swami said.Boring work for the second tunnel started in April 2022. The BMC expects to achieve its breakthrough by the end of May, since only 140 m of mining work is left.The team faced multiple challenges, including lockdown and geopolitical tensions with China. Cho recalled how the arrival of engineers from China, who were supposed to visit the Mumbai site to train engineers on how to operate the TBM, was delayed due to the pandemic and political tension between India and China. The Chinese engineers arrived a year later.“Engineers from China were supposed to arrive with the TBM to train Indian engineers for the first stretch of 500 m. However, they couldn’t come to India. So the Indians mined the first 400 m all by themselves,” Cho said.There were other challenges too. Swami said, “We had completed around 8 m of mining from Priyadarshini Park when we realised that the seabed above us was on the verge of collapsing. We immediately sprayed slurry on it to seal the cavity. Other challenges we faced included the shallow depth under the seabed, the small gap between the tunnel’s crown and the seabed, and seawater leaking on us due to weathered rocks. We would spray slurry continuously to prevent seawater from leaking through these gaps.”The tunnel’s proximity to the centuries old Malabar Hill water reservoir, located under Malabar Hill, was another problem for the officials. This reservoir is the primary water source for south Mumbai. A single crack in it would have hit water supply to suburban Mumbai.The biggest stumbling block for the team was the malfunction of a bearing seal (a rubber material from the TBM) in February. Cho said a bearing seal prevents external materials from entering the gearbox. The malfunction brought the project to a halt for three months. “According to rules, a set of spare parts for the machine should be kept on site or at a distance that is not more than 24 hours away. This malfunction was unexpected, so we didn’t have a spare,” Cho said, adding that the TBM would have malfunctioned if mining was not stopped temporarily.“We had to import the bearing seal from Italy. The installation is complete and test runs resumed from April,” Cho added.Ashwini Bhide, the Additional Municipal Commissioner who is spearheading this project, said 93 per cent of the tunnel works are complete.

India’s 1st undersea twin tunnels to open in NovemberPremium Story
As Nirma returns to villages in Mahuva, ‘can we eat cement’, ask residents
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

“What do we want to do with so much of development? It is needed for the growth of country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). But development should be people-centric too,” said Manish Choriya, one of the several villagers of Mahuva taluka of Bhavnagar district, who attended an “environmental hearing” organised by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) for the three proposed limestone mining projects of Nirma Limited coming up in the area.Manish, sporting a red-shirt, was one of the many villagers who vehemently opposed the projects during the hearing conducted under the chairmanship of Bhavnagar district Collector R K Mehta. The projects are expected to affect 1,16,055 people in seven villages.“The attempt should be to see that human lives are not adversely affected. You said there are no elephants or tigers in this region. But are you not able to see humans. For all those who can hear us from here today, this is our world and we are happy in it. We do not want any other form of success. This land is everything for us and we are happy with it,” Manish said, as he was cheered on by fellow villagers at Padharika village – one of the seven “affected” villages.The villagers who spoke during the hearing not only remembered the agitation they had held against Nirma Limited’s proposed plant in Doliya village – now part of the limestone mining project – in 2008 but also expressed concern that the mining projects will destroy the natural limestone barrier that protects the villages against salinity ingress. They said that the mining will turn the underground water saline and adversely affect the annual three-crop cycle of farmers, who will be forced to migrate.The proposed mines, spread over 1,600 hectare, are located adjacent to each other in Mahuva taluka.A partly-built 1.91 million tonne per annum cement plant of Nirma that had seen protests nearly 12 years ago — located less than a kilometer from the sea shore — could be seen from Padharika village, which was the venue of the GPCB hearing.Officials of the company present at the meeting clarified that when Nirma had proposed to set up a cement plant at Doliya village in 2008, the Gujarat government had given the Letter of Intent for three limestone mines spread over 3,400 hectare. This was reduced to 1,600 hectares in 2017.Between 2008 and 2011, the company’s cement plant faced agitation from farmers in Mahuva. The agitation then was led by BJP MLA Kanu Kalsaria, who undertook a 350-km-long padyatra from Doliya village to Gandhinagar in 2011 along with 5,000 farmers.The project was challenged in the Gujarat High Court and then in the Supreme Court. The environmental clearance given to the cement plant was revoked by Union environment ministry in December 2011 after it observed that the plant site was a wetland.In 2015, the National Green Tribunal set aside the revocation of the environmental clearance to the cement plant – a decision that was subsequently challenged in the SC and remains sub-judice till date.The GPCB meeting on Friday also faced opposition from local BJP leaders. Mohan Makwana, who identified himself as ‘Mandal Adhayaksh’ (person in charge of Assembly constituency) of BJP at Mahuva, said: “The people and farmers are completely opposed to the projects. Not a single person is ready to give their land. There are three big wetlands in this area. Once mining starts, these wetlands will be destroyed.”“Why is the company lying that nothing grows in the soil here? Please come to my farm and see the standing bajra crop. Nirma will finally end up producing cement. But can we all eat cement? You all (company and government officials) are also sitting here. Can you eat cement?” asked Khimji Bariya, as the crowd consisting of a large number of women broke into laughter.Some of the officials present also could not resist a smile, as A J Rathod, Regional Officer of GPCB intervened, restored order, and told Bariya that his complaint has been recorded.Some of the villagers even went ahead and reminded Gujarat government officials of the targets set by BJP governments at Centre and state with regard to milk and crop production. “Prime Minister Narendra Modi has declared this year as the millet year. The head of Mahuva APMC has sent a sample of bajra grown in our region to the United States. One mun (20 kg) of bajra fetches Rs 1,200. It would be great if the government helps in stopping the mining projects and helps in promoting agriculture. This will ensure that families from this region do not become migrants,” said Jashu Makwana, a young farmer.“I am fully against mining. It might be true that industries bring in prosperity. We do not want those pleasures of life. We fully boycott the projects,” he added.Vishwas Rathwa (22), deputy sarpanch of Dhudheri village, was among those who spoke against the projects. Rathwa also asked the audience for a show of hands to impress upon the officials present about their opposition.On Friday, the hearing for the three mines we held in Vangar, Madhiya, Padhiarka, Doliya, Gujarda, Dhudheri and Dhudhala villages. During the hearing for Padharika and Doliya village, there was not a single voice in support for the projects.Suraj Kasabhai Bhil of Doliya village said, “Around 70-80 per cent of the people in my village are connected to animal husbandry. There are no gauchar in our village and the government has given its wasteland for mining projects. Shouldn’t those engaging in animal husbandry be prioritised over industrialists for waste land? This land should be given for gauchar and not for mining.”Tejal Patel, who handles environment issues for Nirma, gave a presentation about the projects to the villagers. “The company is setting up a cement plant at Padhiarka village, which is in Mahuva taluka. The soda ash plant of company is also in Bhavnagar district,” Patel said while introducing the company.

As Nirma returns to villages in Mahuva, ‘can we eat cement’, ask residents
Experts Explain | The challenges India faces in assuring resilient critical minerals supply chains
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

Critical minerals refer to mineral resources, both primary and processed, which are essential inputs in the production process of an economy, and whose supplies are likely to be disrupted due to the risks of non-availability or unaffordable price spikes. To tackle such supply risks, major global economies periodically evaluate which minerals are critical for their jurisdiction through a quantitative assessment.A recent working paper from Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP) extends the earlier minerals assessment for 23 minerals by assessing the criticality levels of 43 select minerals for India based on their economic importance (demand-side factors) and supply risks (supply-side factors) which are determined through the evaluation of specific indicators.Minerals such as antimony, cobalt, gallium, graphite, lithium, nickel, niobium, and strontium are among the 22 assessed to be critical for India. Many of these are required to meet the manufacturing needs of green technologies, high-tech equipment, aviation, and national defence.However, while India has a significant mineral geological potential, many minerals are not readily available domestically. Hence, India needs to develop a national strategy to ensure resilient critical minerals supply chains, which focuses on minerals found to be critical in this study.India faces global and domestic challenges in assuring resilient critical minerals supply chains. On the international front, there currently exist four significant risks. First, China, the most dominant player in the critical mineral supply chains, still struggles with Covid-19-related lockdowns. As a result, the extraction, processing and exports of critical minerals are at risk of slowdown.Second, Russia is one of the significant producers of nickel, palladium, titanium sponge metal, and the rare earth element scandium. Ukraine is one of the major producers of titanium. It also has reserves of lithium, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements, including tantalum, niobium, and beryllium. The war between the two countries has implications for these critical mineral supply chains.Third, as the balance of power shifts across continents and countries, the critical mineral supply chains may get affected due to the strategic partnership between China and Russia. As a result, developed countries have jointly drawn up partnership strategies, including the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) and G7’s Sustainable Critical Minerals Alliance, while developing countries have missed out.Fourth, manufacturing renewable energy technologies would require increasing quantities of minerals, including copper, manganese, zinc, and indium. Likewise, the transition to electric vehicles would require increasing amounts of minerals, including copper, lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements.However, India does not have many of these mineral reserves, or its requirements may be higher than the availability, necessitating reliance on foreign partners to meet domestic needs.On the domestic front, while India has a geological potential similar to mining-rich Western Australia, much still needs to be explored. India faces four significant challenges to enable their sustainable extraction. First, many critical and strategic minerals constitute part of the list of atomic minerals in the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Act, 1957.However, the present policy regime reserves these minerals only for public sector undertakings. Some of these are minerals and ores bearing beryllium, lithium, niobium, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, beach sand minerals, and rare earth group minerals containing uranium and thorium.Second, given the increasing importance of critical and strategic minerals, there is an imperative need to create a new list of such minerals in the MMDR Act. The list may include minerals such as molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, cadmium, indium, gallium, graphite, vanadium, tellurium, selenium, nickel, cobalt, tin, the platinum group of elements, and fertiliser minerals such as glauconitic, potash, and phosphate (without uranium).These minerals must be prospected, explored, and mined on priority, as any delays may hinder India’s emissions reduction and climate change mitigation timeline.Third, the reconnaissance and exploration of minerals must be encouraged, with particular attention given to deep-seated minerals. This will call for a collective effort by the government, ‘junior’ miners, and major mining companies. Fourth, an innovative regime must be devised to allocate critical mineral mining assets, which adequately incentivises private explorers, including ‘junior’ explorers.Given the long lead times of setting up new exploration, extraction, and processing activities, these issues must be addressed soon if India is to utilise its natural wealth for its manufacturing needs. And Fifth, India needs to determine where and how the processing of minerals and assembly of critical minerals-embedded equipment will occur. Currently, India relies on global supplies of various processed critical minerals, as there are limited domestic sources.India requires a critical minerals strategy comprising measures aimed at making the country AatmaNirbhar (self-reliant) in critical minerals needed for sustainable economic growth and green technologies for climate action, national defence, and affirmative action for protecting the interests of the affected communities and regions.In addition, India must actively engage in bilateral and plurilateral arrangements for building assured and resilient critical mineral supply chains. Furthermore, the assessment of critical minerals for India needs to be updated every three years to keep pace with changing domestic and global scenarios.A national critical minerals strategy for India, underpinned by the minerals identified in this study, can help focus on priority concerns in supply risks, domestic policy regimes, and sustainability.Rajesh Chadha is a senior fellow, Ganesh Sivamani is a research associate, and Karthik Bansal is a research assistant at the Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP), New Delhi.

Experts Explain | The challenges India faces in assuring resilient critical minerals supply chains
Lithium beyond original site in J&K, exploration scope may be expandedPremium Story
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

The geographical formation in Jammu & Kashmir wherein ‘inferred’ lithium resources of 5.9 million tonnes were recently established likely extends well beyond the original location where the mineral was detected, and the scope of geological exploration is now being widened, a government official indicated.This could expand the scale  of the lithium find (hard rock deposit type), already pegged as India’s largest deposit of the white alkali metal, which is a vital ingredient of the lithium-ion rechargeable batteries powering electric vehicles, laptops and mobile phones.Incidentally, lithium was discovered when exploration was underway for two other different minerals – limestone and bauxite – in the same column and location in the Salal-Haimana area of J&K’s Reasi district. When mining commences at the location, there will be three different minerals to be extracted from the catchment zone – bauxite, limestone and lithium.“The geological exploration (in that area) was primarily focused on the other two minerals (limestone and bauxite), and lithium just happened to be discovered in the same column… It has also been assessed that this geological formation extends further (on our side of the India-Pakistan border), and so the scope of the exploration is now being widened,” the official, who did not want to be quoted, said.The J&K administration will now carry out the groundwork for auctioning the find for commercial exploitation, the official said. Multiple domestic and international mining companies are expected to participate in the auction, the official said.  Lithium is generally produced from two main different deposit types: brines and hard-rock. Operations exploiting brine deposits of the type in South America pump saline brines with high lithium content from beneath the surface and the lithium is concentrated by way of evaporation, before the brine is sent on to processing facilities for the production of lithium hydroxide.discovery of ‘inferred’ lithium reserves in Reasi and its expanded scope comes as electric vehicles are predicted to be a sector ripe for disruption, and India is trying to reduce its dependence on key resources from China.In case of hard-rock operations of the kind likely in J&K, the ore is extracted, usually from pegmatite deposits, using conventional mining techniques before it is concentrated by way of crushing, and separated to produce a concentrate. The primary lithium-bearing mineral in this ore is usually spodumene, and the produced spodumene concentrate is then usually sold to lithium hydroxide or carbonate conversion plants, where it is then converted to lithium chemical products. Although hard-rock producers have lower costs, the price they receive for their final product, usually spodumene concentrate, is sharply lower than that received for lithium carbonate, chloride and hydroxide produced by way of brine operations.The Geological Survey of India (GSI) had recently established ‘inferred’ lithium resources of 5.9 million tonnes in the Reasi District as part of the ‘Reasi Sersandu – Kherikot –Rahotkot – Darabi’ mineral block in J&K, where prospecting has been underway since 2021-22.Under the United Nations Framework for Classification for Reserves and Resources of Solid Fuels and Mineral Commodities (UNFC 1997), the stage of prospecting is categorised as ‘G4’ when it entails reconnaissance surveys, a fairly advanced stage of prospecting.While it is clearly the biggest lithium find in the country and could get even bigger, there are two caveats with the J&K deposits: this new find is categorised as “inferred” – one of the three categories that mineral resources are subdivided into, in order of increasing geological confidence.The ‘inferred’ mineral resource is the part of a resource for which quantity, grade and mineral content are estimated only with a low level of confidence based on information gathered from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that may be of limited or uncertain quality, and also of lower reliability from geological evidence.Secondly, this find, in inferred terms, is also comparatively small, considering that the proven reserves in Chile and Bolivia are well over 20 million metric tonnes, 17 million tonnes in Argentina, 6.3 million tonnes in Australia and 4.5 million tonnes in China.The country currently imports all its lithium needs. The domestic exploration push, which also includes exploratory work to extract lithium from the brine pools of Rajasthan and Gujarat and the mica belts of Odisha and Chhattisgarh, comes at a time when India has stepped up its economic offensive against China, a major source of lithium-ion energy storage products being imported into the country.India is seen as a late mover as it attempts to enter the lithium value chain, coming at a time when EVs are predicted to be a sector ripe for disruption. And 2023 is likely to be an inflection point for battery technology, with several potential improvements to the Li-ion technology. Over 165 crore lLithium batteries are estimated to have been imported into India between FY17 and FY20 at an estimated import bill of upwards of $3.3 billion.The GSI report for the Salal-Haimana location, along with 15 other resource-bearing geological reports and 35 Geological memorandums were recently handed over to respective state governments. Out of these 51 mineral blocks, five blocks pertains to gold and other blocks pertains to commodities like potash, molybdenum, base metals spread across 11 states including J&K, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. The blocks were prepared based on the work carried out by GSI from field seasons 2018-19 to till February 2023.According to Ministry of Mines-approved annual Field Season programme (prospecting plan), the GSI takes up different stages of mineral exploration — reconnaissance surveys (G4), preliminary exploration (G3) and general exploration (G2) as per the guidelines of UNFC and the Minerals (Evidence of Mineral Contents) Amendment Rules, 2021 (Amended MMDR Act 2021) for augmenting mineral resource for various mineral commodities, including lithium. During the last five years, the GSI has carried out 14 projects on lithium and associated elements, of which five projects on Lithium and associated minerals were taken up during ‘field season’ 2021-22.In India, there is some potential to recover Lithium from brines of Sambhar and Pachpadra areas, the Rajasthan and Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. Also, the major mica belts located in Rajasthan, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh and the pegmatite belts in Odisha, Chhattisgarh, alongside rock mining being undertaken at Mandya, Karnataka, are the other potential geological domains of the country.The Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), an arm of the Department of Atomic Energy, had earlier conducted preliminary surveys that had shown the presence of lithium resources of 1,600 tonnes in the igneous rocks of the Marlagalla–Allapatna region of Karnataka’s Mandya district. The AMD has been carrying out exploration, both on surface and some subsurface exploration, to augment lithium resources in the potential geological domains of the country, a government official said.Apart from the domestic lithium push, there is also an attempt to tap into established value chains globally, with a team comprising one geologist each from Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd. (MECL), KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Ltd.), and the Geological Survey of India (GSI) learnt to have travelled to the Argentinian province of Catamarca recently to scout for opportunities. An MoU with the Argentinian government had been signed earlier.

Lithium beyond original site in J&K, exploration scope may be expandedPremium Story
Mining, Lalit Modi: Raje cases Sachin Pilot says have not been probedPremium Story
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

A corruption inquiry panel that was called illegal by the High Court; a mining scam in which the BJP government cancelled over 500 letters of intent; alleged misuse of power by Lalit Modi; a case of expensive carpets going missing where the court dismissed a plea for probe; use of public funds for party yatras; and a panel that cleared almost all decisions taken by the previous government.These are the key “Vasundhara Raje cases” in which the Ashok Gehlot government has not taken any action, alleged Sachin Pilot as he defied the Congress high command’s anti-party warning and held a day-long fast Tuesday.Raje has not reacted but BJP leader Rajendra Rathore said Pilot should seek an impartial investigation into the corruption in the Congress government. Gehlot is yet to comment on Pilot’s claims. A spokesperson said he might speak on the issue Wednesday.The cases Pilot flagged:In January 2009, the Gehlot government constituted the N N Mathur Inquiry Commission to inquire into charges of abuse of power including misappropriation of funds, during Vasundhara Raje’s tenure as Chief Minister between 2003 and 2008, with the Congress estimating the irregularities worth Rs 22,000 crore.However, the Rajasthan High Court held the commission to be illegal, and directed that the cases pending before it be referred to the Lokayukta.The Rajasthan government approached the Supreme Court, but a Bench of Justices D K Jain and H L Dattu too held that proper procedure was not followed by the state.Pilot’s charge: Rules were intentionally overlooked during the constitution of the commission, and that the panel itself had alleged that it received little help from government officials. Action awaited.In 2015, when Raje was CM, the Congress alleged “irregularities in allocation of 653 mines covering more than 22,000 hectares of land without auction”. And that “mineral wealth” worth Rs 3 lakh crore went to “favoured individuals and companies.”The Congress later met the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) and Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC) and sought a CBI inquiry.The case was taken up by the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) and the Enforcement Directorate while Raje was in power. Among eight persons arrested by the ACB was the then principal secretary to the Mines and Petroleum Department. He was later granted bail.The Raje government also cancelled 534 Letters of Intent (LoIs) for mines in the state, but the LoI holders got a stay from the High Court. Eventually, the Supreme Court stayed the HC order.The then mining minister, Rajkumar Rinwa, was eventually expelled by the BJP after he rebelled when he was denied a ticket in the 2018 Assembly elections. He joined the Congress in 2019, but returned to the BJP in November 2022.Pilot’s charge: In his letter to Gehlot, Pilot asks why the state government has not ordered a CBI inquiry into the matter yet.In mid-2015, then CM Raje came under fire over her association with then IPL chief Lalit Modi. She was accused of instances of alleged impropriety, including of having helped Modi by signing an affidavit favouring his immigration application to the UK in 2011.Soon after, it was alleged that the Raje government had facilitated the purchase of two heritage havelis in Jaipur at throwaway prices by Modi and his late wife in 2006-07. In November 2010, these havelis had been seized by the Jaipur Municipal Corporation and transferred to the Archaeology Department.As per ED and IT records, on April 12, 2010, Raje, who had earlier that year resigned as the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajasthan Assembly, travelled from Delhi to Dehradun and back on a plane chartered by Modi, the IPL chief at the time. Modi was alleged to have settled the bill of Rs 5.51 lakh on July 26, 2010, through a cheque.The Congress accused Raje’s son Dushyant Singh too of links with Lalit Modi, saying the latter had bought a significant number of overpriced shares from Dushyant’s firm Niyant Heritage Hotels Pvt Ltd.Then External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj too had come under fire for Lalit Modi managing to make his way abroad despite these allegations.The BJP had backed both Raje and Swaraj and denied any wrongdoing.Pilot’s charge: “Despite (this) being such a serious case, our government has not been able to take any substantial action.”In September 2018, the Rajasthan High Court restrained the Raje government from organising government programmes along the route of her Rajasthan Gaurav Yatra. The court said inaugurating public programmes during a political rally “would be the glorification of the political party and not the glorification of the achievements by the government”.The PIL in the case had been filed by Vibhuti Bhushan Sharma – currently the Additional Advocate General — and social activist Sawai Singh. Sharma asked why party programmes were being funded by the government.Pilot’ charge: “People were expecting that once our government is formed, Raje and her high level officials will be investigated impartially for misusing government funds for yatra. But our government has not been able to take any action in this direction.”The case pertains to eight Iranian carpets going missing from a government-run hotel.In 2009, the Public Works Department lodged an FIR in Jaipur stating that it had received a letter on March 3, 2005, from the office of CM Raje, demanding two carpets. In another letter, dated September 17, 2005, the CM’s office reportedly again demanded six carpets to be used at her office and residence.It was alleged that the carpets were to be received from Rajasthan State Hotel Corporation, Khasa Kothi, for two years on rent, consent for which was given by the general manager of the corporation. As per the complaint, the carpets were obtained by PWD Executive Engineer Rakesh Kumar Bhargava, and reportedly handed over to Dhirendra Kamthan, Officer on Special Duty to CM. But neither was the rent paid nor were the carpets ever returned.In 2009, the HC stayed the arrests of Kamthan and Bhargava in the case. Under Raje’s second tenure as CM in 2015, the Jaipur police gave a clean chit to the officials.In 2016, the Rajasthan High Court dismissed a petition seeking a CBI probe, saying the petitioner has no locus standi in the case. In 2017, the Supreme Court too dismissed this petition, reportedly observing that, “The police have filed a closure report and there is no proof of Chief Minister’s role in the disappearance of the carpets.”In 2019, Independent MLA and Gehlot loyalist Sanyam Lodha raised the issue in the Assembly, with Tourism Minister Vishvendra Singh saying the government will investigate and bring back the carpets.Pilot’s charge: “Our government has been constituted twice since the incident, but till date we have failed to tell the people where the carpets are. Who was behind the vanishing of priceless carpets? This is still pending.”In 2019, the Gehlot government constituted a cabinet sub-committee led by veteran party leader and senior minister Shanti Dhariwal to investigate decisions taken in the last six months of the Raje government.In 2020, of the total 1,067 decisions it investigated, it gave a clean chit in 1,059. The committee only cancelled eight decisions of the Raje government.However, there were allegations that the committee – which held all of eight meetings – rushed through the decisions and that several departments did not furnish any information. In the case of 30 departments, the committee did not find any decisions to be reviewed; in case of 21, decisions were reviewed thoroughly; information received from 12 departments was not looked at by the committee due to paucity of time; and no information was received from 14 departments.Pilot’s charge: “No effective action taken by this committee has come before the public.”

Mining, Lalit Modi: Raje cases Sachin Pilot says have not been probedPremium Story
In Assam, a mining death & a woman’s 3-month fight to find husband’s body
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

The last time 24-year-old Urbashi Moran spoke to her husband Pranjal was on January 12. Magh Bihu was just around the corner, and he told her he would be home in two days. Eighty-five days later, on Friday, Pranjal’s body was retrieved from a coal mine more than 40 feet deep, in Assam’s Tinsukia district.Urbashi’s search for her husband saw her make countless rounds of police stations. It even led her more than 400 km from her village, Hokani, to Guwahati, where she demonstrated with her three-year-old son in her arms, seeking answers about what had happened to Pranjal. Her pursuit led to a meeting with Assam DGP G P Singh on March 1, during which she received an assurance that the matter would be resolved soon.On Friday evening, Pranjal’s decomposed body finally reached home. “Though I have been waiting for so long, I still didn’t really think he had died. But I had to believe it today,” she said, speaking to The Indian Express.The colliery where the 26-year-old’s body was found is part of the North Eastern Coalfields operated by Coal India Limited. Pranjal, according to investigators, had been working as a miner for an illegal set-up since November last year. According to Tinsukia Superintendent of Police Gaurav Abhijit Dilip, prima facie it appears that he died in an accident while working, and those working with him allegedly concealed his body to keep attention away from illegal mining activities. So far, 18 people have been arrested in this case.According to Urbashi, Pranjal started working at the mines in November, after having been employed at a metal factory. She said the work kept him away from home for 10-15 days at a stretch, after which he would return with his pay, which was around Rs 16,000 depending on the work.“Since he first began work, he had returned four times. This last time, he left on January 6, but forgot to take his phone. So he called me on January 12 from someone else’s phone to tell me he would be back in two days. But he didn’t return, and no one answered the calls I made to that number,” she said.She said someone sent by Pranjal’s employers visited her on February 2, and he told her that her husband had gone missing. The next day, she made her way to the local police station to register a police complaint. After repeated visits, an FIR was registered at Margherita police station on February 6 under sections pertaining to death by negligence, criminal conspiracy and theft. In the FIR, she named three people she knew had hired and been in touch with Pranjal.But the FIR was the beginning of a long wait for Urbashi. With no news of what happened to her husband for another month, she reached Guwahati on March 13 with her son and local activists, to demonstrate at the city’s designated protest site.It was after her meeting with the DGP that the probe gathered pace. He directed IGP (NER) Jitmol Doley to lead the investigation, and a search was carried out along with the NDRF and SDRF.SP Dilip said that efforts to find Pranjal’s body had been going on since the FIR. “We looked for around two weeks with Coal India but were not able to find the exact location. In the meantime, we arrested several people who had worked in the same mining set-up. Two days ago, we arrested two more people, who gave us information which helped us find the spot,” he said.He said the body had been placed “40-50 feet” deep in a tunnel and covered up. “Based on the statements, it seems he died in an accident while working, and there was a cover-up… The area where this work was being carried out was under Coal India but there are illegal activities of rat-hole mining and even open-pit mining in remote parts, forested areas and in disputed areas of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh,” he said.The case has once again brought under scrutiny illegal mining activities in the region. Last September, three workers died in an illegal rat-hole mine in Tinsukia after inhaling toxic gas. Last week, the Gauhati High Court stated that it is the obligation of the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change along with the state government to ensure that illegal mining activities are not carried out in the state. It also directed that “all illegal mining activities in the area in question are stopped forthwith”, while hearing a set of PILs stating that illegal mining in the Saleki Proposed Reserve Forest Area in Tinsukia district was depleting forest cover in the area.

In Assam, a mining death & a woman’s 3-month fight to find husband’s body
Deadly for oceans but perhaps vital for climate action: Why deep sea mining divides opinion
The Indian Express | 1 month ago | |
The Indian Express
1 month ago | |

In the mid-19th century, science fiction author Jules Verne wrote of precious metals lying thousands of meters underwater.“In the depths of the ocean, there are mines of zinc, iron, silver and gold that would be quite easy to exploit,” stated Captain Nemo in Verne’s classic adventure tale, “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.”The author was right about the potential raw materials. He was wrong, however, to assume that the minerals could be easily exploited.Currently there is no internationally agreed code for mining under the ocean. After two weeks of negotiations ending March 31, however, the International Seabed Authority has now decided that companies can apply from July to mine the ocean floor. But campaigners and even corporations are pushing back due to fears of the massive environmental impact.“The deep sea is a trove of biodiversity, rich in living resources used in medicines and critical in regulating the climate and providing spawning and feeding grounds for fish,” said Diva Amon, a Caribbean marine biologist and an adviser to the Benioff Ocean Initiative at the University of California. “The planet would not be the same without it.”Whether copper or nickel for batteries, cobalt for electric cars or manganese for steel production: rare earth minerals and metals are fundamental to the renewable energy technologies driving the world’s energy transition.But while demand is rising fast, the resources are also becoming scarcer globally.According to estimates, in just three years the world will need twice as much lithium and 70% more cobalt.And this is despite the slow progress of the energy transition. According to the International Energy Agency, if climate goals were properly pursued through the massive expansion of renewable energy, about five times as much lithium and four times as much cobalt would be needed by 2030.The projected production volumes for these raw materials fall far short of demand. To close this gap, some countries and companies now want to mine the resources in the deep sea.So-called polymetallic nodules, also known as manganese nodules, are driving the rush to mine seabeds. These potato-sized lumps contain high proportions of nickel, copper, manganese, rare earths and other valuable metals.The best-studied area is currently the seabed at between 3,500 and 5,500 meters [between 11,500 feet and 18,000 feet] in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the eastern Pacific Ocean near the US state of Hawaii. Spanning thousands of kilometers, the area contains more nickel, manganese and cobalt than any known area on land.The basin in the central Indian Ocean and the seabed off the Cook Islands, Kiribati atolls and French Polynesia in the South Pacific are also of interest for potential extraction.“The nodules’ composition happens to be remarkably well-aligned with the needs of electric vehicle makers,” said Gerard Barron, CEO of The Metals Company. “Carmakers will need a great deal more of these metals in order to make battery cathodes and electrical connectors for an electric vehicle fleet of around a billion cars and trucks by mid-century.”The Canada-based company specializes in the medium and long-term exploitation of mineral resources in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.Although manganese nodules are not yet being mined anywhere in the world, that could soon change as they practically lie directly on the seabed and can be easily extracted without breaking up rock layers or eroding the seabed.Seabed mining is made easy when a huge vacuum can simply travel over the ocean floor to suck up the nodules — which are then brought to the surface with a hose.But the living part of the seabed is destroyed along with the nodules, said Matthias Haeckel, a scientist at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Kiel, Germany.“That means all organisms, bacteria and higher organisms that live in and on the sediment and on the nodules are completely sucked in,” he said.These organisms also require manganese nodules to survive, meaning they “won’t come back for millions of years,” said Sabine Gollner, senior scientist at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research.Rapid regeneration is impossible because it can take a million years for a nodule to grow a few millimeters.Scientists and opponents of deep-sea mining also fear that the clouds of sediment from the suction could cause enormous damage to ecosystems within a radius of several hundred kilometers.Potential victims would include plants, creatures in the middle water depths and microorganisms whose respiratory tracts could be blocked by the sediment.The Metals Company aims to mine the nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, and makes no secret of the possible damage to marine biodiversity.However, the company has argued that deep-sea mining could be less damaging to the environment than extraction on land, pointing out that it would emit 80% less greenhouse gas emissions.The company claims deep-sea mining would barely impact carbon reservoirs such as forests and soils, would not displace people, would use less fresh water and release fewer toxins.The Metals Company has also claimed that deep-sea mining would be largely automated, avoiding the exploitation of cobalt miners, including children, in Congo, where most of the world’s cobalt is mined today.Possible exploitation of deep-sea deposits is regulated by the International Seabed Authority, which was established under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. It has awarded 31 exploration contracts so far worldwide, but none for commercial mining activities.These permits allow companies to explore the resources and potential for future extraction, but also require them to collect data for environmental analysis.The Jamaica-based authority has been working on rules on whether, how and where deep-sea mining could be possible. At the recent two-week conference, the 167 member states of the International Seabed Authority continued 10 years of negotiations for a global mining code. The hope is to adopt the code by July so deep-sea mining applications can be adjudicated around robust rules that protect the environment.The Pacific island state of Nauru has been collaborating with The Metals Company to force through a code by 2023 so applications can be decided. But other island nations have called for a moratorium on deep-sea mining.“Deep-sea mining would go beyond harming the seabed and have a wider impact on fish populations, marine mammals and the essential function of the deep-sea ecosystems in regulating the climate,” Vanuatu’s representative, Sylvain Kalsakau, said during the negotiations.For marine biologist Gollner, there is still a lack of sufficient data to support environmentally friendly underwater mining. “Based on the current data situation, deep-sea mining cannot be managed in a way that would not be harmful to the environment,” she said.She has called for a moratorium based on the data, saying “now would be too early.”Corporations including BMW, Volkswagen, Google, Philips and Samsung SDI have joined a call for a moratorium launched by the wildlife conservation organization WWF, pledging not to use raw materials from the deep seabed or finance deep-sea mining for the time being.“It’s great to see how the deep ocean has inspired support from people and voices across the world,” said marine biologist Amon. “Hopefully this momentum for a pause will only keep growing.”(This article has been adapted from German. Stuart Braun contributed to reporting.)

Deadly for oceans but perhaps vital for climate action: Why deep sea mining divides opinion
Industries can harm health in many ways: here are 3 that aren’t so obvious
The Indian Express | 2 months ago | |
The Indian Express
2 months ago | |

A recent ground-breaking series of reports in the science journal The Lancet unpacks what commercial determinants of health are, and how they affect public health. It uses a new, broader definition of the determinants: The systems, practices and pathways through which commercial actors drive health and equity.Some commercial entities contribute positively to health and society. However, research shows that some commercial products and practices are directly linked to avoidable ill health, planetary damage, and social and health inequity. Large transnational corporations are especially to blame.The Lancet series examines not just directly damaging products (such as alcohol or ultra-processed foods) but the commercial practices that influence human health, inequities in health and planetary health.The series highlights the need to better understand the diversity within the commercial world, and the variety of ways its normal operations harm humanity and the planet.3 ‘hidden’ industries that can harm your health Some seemingly benign – or even beneficial – industries actually have major and avoidable impacts on health. They contribute negatively to health in subtle or indirect ways.The pharmaceutical industry is one. Its abuse of intellectual property to increase prices and limit access to essential drugs is a common trend. The pre-selling of COVID-19 vaccines to wealthy countries is a recent, massive-scale example.The industry’s longstanding resistance to lowering the price of antiretroviral drugs for HIV meant that untold thousands, mostly in developing countries, died because they lacked access to treatment.Social media is another industry of particular concern especially given the increase in its consumption in recent years. A plethora of research confirms the adverse effects of social media on mental health, especially an increase in cases of depression and anxiety.On top of this, other industries often use social media to promote harmful products and for “social washing”, a strategy employed by companies to promote themselves as more socially responsible than they actually are, purely for brand promotion.We have also seen an increase in “surveillance capitalism” whereby private information is gathered through social media use. The information is then used by, for example, junk food companies through platforms such as Facebook for the targeted marketing of unhealthy commodities.Extractive companies have also been linked to various health and planetary harms. Air and water pollution, environmental degradation, fatalities, silicosis, and noise-induced hearing loss are just a few examples of these harms.A report by the South African Human Rights Commission has severely criticised the mining industry and held that this sector “is riddled with challenges related to land, housing, water and the environment”.In the South African context, the harms created by the mining industry are particularly concerning given the knock-on, damaging socio-economic effects – for example as a result of the loss of breadwinners – on families and, often, vulnerable communities.Harmful business practicesNot only can harm to global health come from a range of industries, it can also come indirectly from business practices. Three harmful practices are: Exploiting weak regulation in low- and middle-income countries. One example is the export of harmful pesticides to developing countries.Influencing policy agendas and actions through what appear to be philanthropic activities, but which benefit business rather than health.Unfair labour and employment practices.Next stepsCommercial determinants of health are clearly influenced by a much wider range of actors and practices than the more obvious product-related harms of the “big four” (tobacco, alcohol, ultra-processed foods and fossil fuels).No business entity is purely “good” or “bad”, but we have seen an increasing trend where companies use “beneficial” practices, such as sponsorship, donations and pledges to environmental causes, to mask harmful practices and influence politicians.Without a common understanding that these industries are harming our health, no action can be taken against them. Holding industry accountable and stricter government regulation are the minimum actions needed.The Lancet series authors are calling for a global move towards health-promoting models of commerce. This is a move away from emphasising profits and economic growth, and instead focusing on societal and planetary health and well-being.📣 For more lifestyle news, follow us on Instagram | Twitter | Facebook and don’t miss out on the latest updates!

Industries can harm health in many ways: here are 3 that aren’t so obvious
Lithium find in J&K: Chile, with most reserves, ready to share know-howPremium Story
The Indian Express | 2 months ago | |
The Indian Express
2 months ago | |

Chile, the country endowed with most lithium reserves and home to SQM, the second largest global lithium producer, is keen to partner with India on tapping into the lithium value chain. This includes potentially extending technical expertise in exploiting the newly established “inferred” lithium resources of 5.9 million tonnes in Salal-Haimana area of Reasi district in Jammu and Kashmir.“We are open (to it) if the Indian Government were to initiate anything formally,” Alex Wetzig, Secretary General, Chile’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs told The Indian Express. He had held meetings with counterparts in the Ministry of Commerce and the MEA Friday, with discussions covering cooperation in wide ranging areas including trade, technology, renewables, space, mining and education.“Currently we have an agreement on trade of goods. And of course, we want to improve our exchange by adding services and investment in a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement. We are trying to have better relations with all the markets, especially in the Asia Pacific region. And, of course, India is a very interesting market because it’s growing, the number of potential consumers,” he said.He indicated about the possibility of tapping the expertise of Chilean lithium mining specialists being on the cards, and that companies such as SQM are likely to be open to transfer of technology to help in the exploitation of the white alkali metal, a vital ingredient of the lithium-ion rechargeable batteries that power electric vehicles (EVs), laptops and mobile phones.“…there is a private company with the experience in this progression of lithium called SQM. They have even invested in Australia, where they have a Chilean-Australian joint venture called Covalent. They basically produce battery-grade lithium to export from Australia. So, Chile has a record of being able to help develop lithium industries in other countries… it depends on the size of the find… if the Indian Government is interested to have an expertise of a Chilean company on lithium, of course, we are open to it,” he said.Even though the lithium found in India is of mineral type unlike salt pans in Chile, Wetzig said the Chilean company would have no problem in transferring technology to do other kinds of exploitations given that Australia, the country where it already has a joint venture, also holds lithium in mineral form.The ‘inferred’ reserves of 5.9 mn tonnes in J&K’s Reasi are in mineral form unlike Chile’s salt pans. However, Chile-based SQM, world’s largest producer of lithium, has a venture in Australia to tap lithium in mineral form.The ‘inferred’ reserves of 5.9 mn tonnes in J&K’s Reasi are in mineral form unlike Chile’s salt pans. However, Chile-based SQM, world’s largest producer of lithium, has a venture in Australia to tap lithium in mineral form.Chile has around 48 per cent of the total lithium reserves in the world, contained mostly in the Salar de Atacama, a large salt flat located in the country’s north.Wetzig indicated that the cooperation with India on lithium would be part of a broad-based partnership in trade that Santiago is pursuing. An Indian delegation from the Ministry of Mines and NITI Aayog had visited Chile in October 2019 to attend meetings for procurement of lithium from Chile. The delegation had visited the country’s salt flats, but the initiative came to a halt after Covid struck. “So, we have the framework, and the discussions with the Indian authorities are focused on creating opportunities for companies on both sides to invest,” he said.In March 2019, during the visit of the President of India to Chile, the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Indian and Chile on cooperation in geology and minerals was renewed for five years. In 2022, there were stepped up efforts by Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL), a joint venture company formed by central utilities including NALCO, HCL and MECL, to source strategic minerals from countries like Australia, Argentina and Chile. As per a government release in December 2022, KABIL is focusing on identifying and sourcing battery minerals like lithium and cobalt and engagement with a few companies is underway in Australia, Argentina and Chile.The Geological Survey of India (GSI), an attached office of Ministry of Mines, carried out a G3 stage —fairly advanced — mineral exploration project during Field Season 2020-21 and 2021-22 in Salal-Haimna areas of Reasi district, Jammu & Kashmir and estimated an inferred resource of 5.9 million tonnes of lithium ore and the report has been handed over to the Government of the Union Territory of J&K. The estimated value of lithium at that site will be estimated on completion of further exploration.India currently imports all its lithium needs and is almost entirely dependent on inflows of these imported cells for domestic consumption. The move to ink sourcing pacts for lithium is seen as another salvo in the front against imports from China, the major source of both the raw material and cells.

Lithium find in J&K: Chile, with most reserves, ready to share know-howPremium Story
Goa CM Pramod Sawant to present budget on March 27
Times of India | 3 months ago | |
Times of India
3 months ago | |

PANAJI: Chief minister Pramod Sawant on Saturday said he will present the annual budget on the first day of the five-day budget assembly session beginning March 27. “I will present the budget on March 27. Thereafter, there will be a discussion for three days on the budget before the vote on account is taken,” Sawant told TOI. He said the full budget will be passed in the monsoon session of the assembly.A budget of around Rs 25,000 crore is likely to be presented. During the last budget, post the assembly elections, Sawant had presented a Rs 24,467 crore plan for 2022-23 with a strong focus on job creation and making Goa self-reliant. Speaker Ramesh Tawadkar confirmed to TOI that the budget session will commence on March 27 and continue till March 31.The finance department has completed meetings with other government departments to understand their requirements. A lot of proposals have been submitted to the finance department, which will be scrutinised before they find place in the budget speech.Sawant is also likely to hold his usual meetings with stakeholders to understand the demands of industry, tourism and other sectors before finalising his budget.As of now, the state government has generated Rs 14,000 crore in the form of various receipts and has paid outstanding loans of around Rs 800 crore. It has so far borrowed Rs 1,500 crore when the borrowing limit is Rs 3,700 crore. The government is expecting around Rs 1,000 crore from revenue receipts till March 31.Last budget, the state government had expected a revenue of Rs 650 crore from mining, but this time it will have more expectations from the sector as it has started auctioning of mining blocks to resume mining activities.The budget is likely to focus on the state government’s flagship programme, Swayampurna Goa 2.0, skill development and employment generation among others.After the Union budget was presented, Sawant said that the state government may get over Rs 7,000 crore under various Centre-sponsored schemes. “By March 31, we will get over Rs 5,000 crore,” Sawant had said that the state will get more benefits this year compared to the previous years.Sawant had said that Goa will set aside Rs 2,000 crore from the fund for a circle road connecting all border points of the state. He had said that urban development funds have been announced in the Union Budget and the state will seek funds for all 13 municipalities. He had said that the state is aiming to get additional Rs 500 crore for developing rural infra.

Goa CM Pramod Sawant to present budget on March 27
Bidders who won e-auction given two months to lift ore
Times of India | 4 months ago | |
Times of India
4 months ago | |

Panaji: The state government on Tuesday set March 31 as the deadline for successful bidders to lift the e-auctioned iron ore lying at mining leases or plots, failing which the government has warned that it will take over the ore, and that the bidder would forfeit the deposit.“This directorate has sold iron ore lying at various locations in the state through 27 e-auctions conducted from time to time,” said director of mines and geology Suresh Shanbhogue. The e-auction procedure prescribes a maximum period of not more than 60 days to lift the cargo. However, Shanbhogue said that some of the cargo is yet to be lifted from the original location by the winning bidders or by the persons who bought the cargo from the winning bidders. “In order to give one final opportunity to the persons still holding the cargo at the original location where it was at the time of the e-auction, it has been decided by the government that such cargo shall be lifted on or before March 31, 2023, positively, failing which the said cargo as well as the amount paid for the same shall stand forfeited, without giving any further notice in this regard,” Shanbhogue said.He also said that accordingly, the e-auction procedure in respect of the 27 e-auctions held so far stands amended to the extent mentioned.In 2012, a Supreme Court judgment had declared mining which was carried out after 2007 illegal, and the ore lying at jetties and plots was subsequently declared state property. The government had then identified 15 million tonnes of ore, which was later auctioned.On March 15, 2018, mining in Goa came to a halt following a Supreme Court order. In January 2020, the SC permitted the export of royalty-paid iron ore extracted before March 15, 2018. In March 2020, mining companies resumed transportation of royalty-paid iron ore estimated at around 1.5 million tonnes, which companies had started transporting.

Bidders who won e-auction given two months to lift ore
Central panel slams state for not being aware of ore dumps in forests
Times of India | 4 months ago | |
Times of India
4 months ago | |

Panaji: Goa’s directorate of mines and geology and the state forest department have been slammed by the Regional Empowered Committee (REC) of the Union environment ministry for recommending a proposal to handle an old iron ore dump without studying the impact on flora and fauna. The site is in Dharbandora, located outside the mining lease area.The directorate of mines and geology was further criticised for admitting that it has no knowledge of dumps located in forest areas. “The Goa forest department has not made a clear finding regarding the stability of the dump and how it is in the interest of flora, fauna and wildlife to disturb old dump instead of assisting in ecological restoration,” the REC said.The department had forwarded the proposal to the REC recommending the extension of approval for a miner to divert 4.9 ha of forest land for the removal of ore rejects dumped in Dharbandora.The deputy conservator of forests of the government of Goa had recommended an approval for a four-year period. But the REC noted that this proposal had come before it last year, when it had directed the Goa government to submit details of all similar dumps in forest areas. The REC also wanted to know whether such dumps have been disposed of and what procedure was adopted.But the directorate of mines and geology told the REC that it has no knowledge of such dumps in forest areas.“The directorate of mines and geology has not performed the statutory due diligence regarding identification/assessment/evaluation of mineral rejects/sub-grade ore/by-product which are stacked outside the lease area,” the REC said.The directorate of mines and geology of Goa, the REC said, did not perform its duty even though the Goa Mineral Policy, 2013, clearly requires it to identify dump sites and persons owning or responsible for them.The committee noted that the dump at Dharbandora is nearly 42 years old and the satellite imagery shows a good amount of vegetation of density 0.6 in general, except in the central part which permitted handling before the Supreme Court’s mining ban came into force in Goa in February 2018.“Without first ascertaining the treatment prescribed for dump material under the relevant mining plan of the parent mine, its extraction is not advisable, especially since the original mine is located in forest area as above, near to Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary and Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary and per findings the mining therein has already intersected water table,” the REC said.It said that the Goa government or the Goa forest department as custodians have not examined these aspects and not established a clear finding on the mine pit rehabilitation in the interest of flora, fauna, forest cover and wildlife while forwarding the proposal. In view of the ‘incompleteness and non-compliances of the proposal with the existing rules/policy guidelines/court orders’, the REC decided to forward the proposal to handle the ore rejects at the Dharbandora dump to the government of India with the recommendation for rejection.“It is further of the view that the state government should scrutinise the proposals thoroughly before forwarding them to the government of India in future,” the REC said.

Central panel slams state for not being aware of ore dumps in forests
‘Development, road widening leading to loss of area for rain percolation’
Times of India | 4 months ago | |
Times of India
4 months ago | |

PANAJI: Even as the diversion of waters from the Mhadei is being widely discussed, experts who have worked in preservation of water bodies said that the government also needs to keep track of surface area lost to different constructions, which are reducing ground water recharge area in Goa. For improved management of internal water resources, Goa also needs to focus on more utilisation of treated water from sewage treatment plants and plan use of water in abandoned mining pits.“When we expand highways, we asphalt more surface, but we are not compensating the land area lost for percolation of water,” said Sachin Tendulkar, a 2007 Fulbright scholar who has studied hydrological issues in Australia. “Our gutter designs are also faulty, as we line them with concrete, and no laterite is used for the water to percolate. Goa is also not reutilising its grey water. Nature has resilience, but beyond a point it will break, like in the case of River Sal, which has deteriorated due to too much urbanisation,” Goa has few operational sewerage treatment plants (STP), yet even the 20 to 30MLD of water treated from the plants is not being reused in the state. According to officials, the cost of drinking water supplied to consumers is one of the lowest, leading to little or no demand for treated grey water.A geologist said that more and more people are also opting to lay pavers around their houses instead of growing a garden, which too is reducing the surface area for groundwater recharge.As the state water resources department’s (WRD) 2021 water policy points out, although Goa receives copious rainfall, the steep topography, variation of rainfall, saline intrusion reducing the yield of the rivers, and mining activities are some of the issues.“There are 27 mines located near the Mandovi, ten of which are some of the largest in Goa,” said Ramesh Gauns, who has been fighting in court the battle to preserve Goa’s water bodies. “The waste generated from iron ore extraction has slid into the rivers. There has been no study of horticultural fields, wells, and springs lost due to unregulated mining activities over the year. There is a 16,000sqm lake destroyed due to mining in Mulgao, and another lake of over 3,300 sqm on government-owned land, has been lost at Lamgao.”Gauns said that if the state’s water resources are not managed better, Goa may find it difficult to even sustain its largest revenue generating industry, tourism. Tendulkar said that community-driven water harvesting projects are one way to create a sense of ownership towards preservation of groundwater in the state.“Show me one panchayat in Goa which has implemented rainwater harvesting with their own funds. When there is people’s participation, there will be a sentiment that it is their work to ensure ground water recharge and preserve existing water bodies,” said Tendulkar.He said that when forest trees are felled to plant cashew trees, usually, compensatory afforestation does not take place.“In cashew plantations, the land below is fully cleared of any growth to be able to collect the fruit, which causes the water to run off the ground below,” he said, adding that the constant increase in tourist footfalls and the meeting of the tourist belt’s water requirement by pulling water there from other areas is also an unhealthy trend, said Tendulkar.“We have a plan where we want to invite lakhs of tourists,” he said. “This requirement for water cannot be met with filtration alone. Each person drinks up to four liters of water a day, we are wasting the rest of the 131 litres in a day, in bathing, etc. In the Cujira school complex, for instance, we have almost 5,000 students. We need to reduce the load on our filtration plants during the summer through rainwater harvesting.”

‘Development, road widening leading to loss of area for rain percolation’
Appropriation Bill passed, allows govt to withdraw over Rs 1,200cr
Times of India | 4 months ago | |
Times of India
4 months ago | |

Porvorim: The Goa Appropriation Bill, 2023, was passed in the House on Wednesday. The Bill empowers the government to withdraw over Rs 1,200 crore from the state’s Consolidated Fund as supplementary grants for the financial year 2022-23. Chief minister Pramod Sawant said that CAG has pointed out that Goa’s GSDP is 1.1% which is higher than the national rate. “CAG stated that Goa economy is having positive rate,” Sawant said.sSawant said that over Rs 100 crore will be utilised for pension and salaries and over Rs 160 crore would be utilised for schemes. Sawant said that revenue from mining will start in two to three years. Sawant said that the state government will make budgetary provision of funds for the Konkani Bhavan.Fatorda MLA Vijai Sardesai said that considering the utilisation of funds by the government this year, 20% budget will remain unutilised. Sardesai questioned why the state government did not re-tender the mining block after the export duty was withdrawn. “The last date for purchase of tender was November 15, 2022 and the central government withdrew the export duty on November 18. To get maximum revenue for the state, why the government did not re-tender the blocks to get optimum value for natural resources?” Sardesai said.Opposition leader Yuri Alemao demanded allocation of funds for the Konkani Bhavan, among other projects.

Appropriation Bill passed, allows govt to withdraw over Rs 1,200cr
In a first, Gautam Adani to deploy hydrogen-powered trucks
The Indian Express | 4 months ago | |
The Indian Express
4 months ago | |

Asia’s richest man Gautam Adani’s group on Tuesday said it will deploy hydrogen fuel cell operated trucks for mining logistics and transportation as part of its decarbonization plan.“Adani Enterprises Ltd (AEL), part of the diversified Adani portfolio of companies, signed an agreement to launch a pilot project to develop a hydrogen fuel cell electric truck (FCET) for mining logistics and transportation with Ashok Leyland, India, and Ballard Power, Canada,” it said in a statement.This collaboration marks Asia’s first planned hydrogen powered mining truck.While AEL will lead the demonstration project, Ballard — an industry leading PEM fuel cell engine manufacturer — will supply the FCmoveTM fuel cell engine for the hydrogen truck. Ashok Leyland, one of the largest manufacturers of buses in the world, will provide the vehicle platform and technical support.“The FCET is scheduled to be launched in India in 2023,” it said. The Adani Group had previously announced it plans to invest more than USD 50 billion over the next 10 years in green hydrogen and associated ecosystems corresponding to a capacity of up to 3 million tons of green hydrogen annually.Vinay Prakash, Director, AEL and CEO, Adani Natural Resources said, “This pioneering and ambitious green hydrogen project holds a strong promise for India’s future energy self-reliance.” “This experience of handling hydrogen as a fuel for commercial fleet not only prepones the advent of hydrogen technology for the mining and logistics sector in the country but will also enable other businesses to opt for long-term sustainable solutions transitioning fleets in ports, airports and in their industrial operations,” he said. The hydrogen powered mining truck will weigh 55 tons, have three hydrogen tanks, a 200-km working range, and powered by Ballard’s 120 kW PEM fuel cell technology.“After signing an MoU with the Adani Group last year, we are eager to move our partnership forward and welcome the chance to cooperate with cutting-edge businesses like Adani,” said Randy MacEwen, CEO, Ballard Power Systems.“Our technology offers a strong value proposition for their heavy-duty mining truck with our zero emission engines providing long range, rapid refueling and heavy payload capabilities,” he added.

In a first, Gautam Adani to deploy hydrogen-powered trucks
Mining auction, nod for auction of rejected ore mark new beginning for Goa’s mining sector, says governor
Times of India | 4 months ago | |
Times of India
4 months ago | |

PANAJI: The auction of four mining blocks and the nod for the auction of rejected ore will usher in a new era for Goa’s mining industry, said state governor S Sreedharan Pillai on Monday. Speaking on the first day of the winter session of the state legislative assembly, Pillai said that the Pramod Sawant government’s efforts to restart mining operations had paid off.“My government’s efforts to resume mining have finally borne fruits. I am happy to state that permission is given to auction the dumps or rejected ore which will initiate the process of starting full-fledged mining,” said Pillai. “A new era has begun for the mining sector in Goa”.Pillai said the resumption of mining operations was a major step to ensure employment for locals and end the hardship faced by the mining-dependent workers.Four iron ore mining blocks have been auctioned and the allotment orders have been issued. Three blocks in Bicholim and one in Sanguem taluka were auctioned off with the mining firms paying a premium of 63.55 per cent, 99.25 per cent, 111.28 per cent and 86.40 per cent for the ore.The auction process concluded on December 21 and all the successful bidders have made the upfront payment of 20% or Rs 43.19 crore each.

Mining auction, nod for auction of rejected ore mark new beginning for Goa’s mining sector, says governor
  • Will auction all mining leases before March 31, says Sawant
  • Times of India

    Panaji: The state will auction the rest of the mining leases within three months considering mining activities for the next 50 years, said chief minister Pramod Sawant on Sunday. The state will also formulate a policy to handle dumps on private and government land to start dump mining, he said.“We will complete the auctioning of mining blocks before March 31,” Sawant said. He also handed over the letters of intent to the successful bidders of the four recently auctioned iron ore blocks in Sankhali to operate for 50 years. He said that if the mining leases were renewed between 2007 and 2012, the existing companies would have been able to operate them for the next 25 years. “Because the leases were not renewed, the so-called environmentalists got the opportunity to approach the Supreme Court. There is a possibility that iron ore was extracted beyond the permissible limit, but the leases were not renewed by the previous government. The government is continuing the process. If my government had not auctioned the blocks then Goa would have faced its ill effects. Considering the next 50 years, I have auctioned mining leases,” the chief minister said, even as he urged the successful bidders not to do injustice to the earlier mining staff.Stating that the state government consistently followed up on the case for revival of the mining industry in the state, he said, “The revival shall provide employment opportunities in mining areas as well as boost the overall economy of the state. I am happy to hand over LOIs to the successful bidders namely, Vedanta Ltd, Salgaocar Shipping Pvt Ltd, Rajaram Bandekar (Sirigao) Mines Pvt Ltd and the Fomento Group,” Sawant said.Sawant said that the way the state government helped mining dependents after mining activities came to a halt is unprecedented in the country. The delay in conducting the auction, he said, was because he was trying to convince the Union government that the second renewal was valid and mining companies should be allowed to operate their leases. Director of mines and geology Suresh Shanbhogue said that all efforts would be made to start full scale mining activities in Goa. “We will float notice inviting tenders (NIT) at regular intervals. This month the second NIT will be floated. I urge successful bidders to approach the authorities for fresh approvals,” he said.

Goa govt to extend ECs of earlier leases to quicken mining restart
Times of India | 4 months ago | |
Times of India
4 months ago | |

PANAJI: The state government has decided to extend the environment clearance (EC) obtained by earlier lessees of 88 mining leases for two years, so that those who win the auction can start mining activities immediately. “We will put a clause in new tender documents of mining lease auctions that the earlier EC can be used for two years, and that they (those who win) have to obtain a new EC within two years,” chief minister Pramod Sawant told TOI.He also said that when mining came to a halt in March 2018, the ECs of 88 mining leases were valid, and the same EC will be allowed to be used by successful bidders for the next two years. However, he said that the “New decision will not be implemented for the four blocks already auctioned by the state government”. The state will auction seven more mining leases this month. The Supreme Court had quashed the second renewal of 88 mining leases in 2018, and since then, the state has been trying to restart mining. A senior official said that if the earlier ECs are not extended, it will take at least another two years to start mining activities as successful bidders would have to apply for fresh ECs.The state government is likely to auction mining leases required to initially meet the capping limit of 30 million tonnes of iron ore extraction, a limit recommended by the expert committee constituted by the Supreme Court. Earlier, the SC had allowed an annual cap of 20 million tonnes. “We will approach the apex court to seek permission to increase the capping limit to 30 million tonnes based on the report,” a senior official said, adding that the leases will be auctioned based on the capping limit. Recently, the state government successfully completed the auction of four mining leases, three in North Goa and one in South Goa. All the mining leases have been retained by Goa-based mining companies.

Goa govt to extend ECs of earlier leases to quicken mining restart
Ensure that sand mining activity doesn’t damage environment: HC to Punjab govt
The Indian Express | 4 months ago | |
The Indian Express
4 months ago | |

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has directed the Punjab government to strictly ensure that sand mining activity undertaken by it does not damage the environment or the rivers in question.The high court has also asked the state to take all steps to protect groundwater and environment and also to undertake rehabilitation measures.The division bench of Chief Justice Ravi Shanker Jha and Justice Arun Palli passed the directions to the Punjab government while hearing a petition by the state challenging the order/letter dated November 21, 2022, wherein Punjab had been ordered by the State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) to immediately stop all mining activities at various desilting sites in the state.The bench in its detailed order released on Wednesday also asked the state (the petitioner) as well as the SEIAA (the respondent) to furnish reports as to the manner in which the sand mining activities are commenced and undertaken by the state at Pathankot, Rupnagar and Fazilka.On Tuesday, hearing a petition filed by the Punjab government claiming shortage of construction material in the state, the high court had allowed the state to carry out mining in these three districts – Rupnagar, Pathankot and Fazilka.The high court had permitted the state to undertake sand mining operations strictly in accordance with the conditions stated by SEIAA in its order dated December 30, 2022, at Rupnagar, Fazilka and Pathankot except the area in and across river Ravi in Pathankot district adjacent to international border with Pakistan.The high court had agreed to allow the state to undertake mining operations after the counsel for the other respondents as well as the intervener(s) also did not oppose the prayer of the petitioner (Punjab) to commence sand mining in accordance with the permission granted by SEIAA.The bench has now posted the matter for January 23 for further hearing. It will now be heard along with a petition already filed in public interest in the matter.

Ensure that sand mining activity doesn’t damage environment: HC to Punjab govt
HC allows mining in 3 Punjab districts
The Indian Express | 4 months ago | |
The Indian Express
4 months ago | |

Hearing a petition filed by the Punjab government claiming shortage of construction material in the state, the Punjab and Haryana High Court on Tuesday allowed the state to carry out mining in three districts – Rupnagar, Pathankot and Fazilka. The order, however, will not be applicable in respect of areas along the international border.The matter came up for hearing before the division bench of Chief Justice Ravi Shanker Jha and Justice Arun Palli. A detailed order on Tuesday’s proceedings was yet to be released by the court. The matter was deferred for further hearing on January 23.The high court has been hearing a petition filed by the Punjab government challenging the order/letter dated November 21, 2022, wherein Punjab has been ordered by the State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) to immediately stop all mining activities at various desilting sites in the state. Further during a previous hearing, the state counsel had asserted that there is likelihood of shortage of sand and other mining minerals in case the impugned order is allowed to continue. And the Punjab Advocate General had also stated that there is scarcity of minor minerals, especially the building material, leading to escalation of prices.Meanwhile, during the resumed hearing of the matter on Tuesday, the high court agreed to allow mining in these three districts after the court was apprised by the state’s Advocate General that the District Survey Reports (DSRs) in respect of these three districts have been approved by SEIAA subject to environmental clearance on December 30.

HC allows mining in 3 Punjab districts